Prevalence and clinical characteristics of oral lesions in heart transplant patients induced by sirolimus and everolimus: a systematic review and meta-analysis on a global scale.

OBJECTIVE: Sirolimus (SRL) and everolimus (EVL) are increasingly included in immunosuppressive protocols after heart transplantation. They present some side effects, including the appearance of painful lesions in the oral cavity. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to verify the global prevalence and clinical characteristics of oral lesions induced by SRL and EVL in heart transplant patients. STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review was performed using 5 main electronic databases (Medline/PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Web of Science, and LILACS), in addition to the gray literature. Studies were independently assessed by 2 reviewers based on established eligibility criteria. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tools, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated through GRADE assessment. RESULTS: Seventeen studies (860 patients) were included in the qualitative analysis. Of these, 11 studies were pooled in a meta-analysis of prevalence. The worldwide prevalence of oral lesions induced by SRL and EVL in heart transplant patients was 10.0%, and most lesions were described as ulcers >1.0 cm, related to significant pain. CONCLUSIONS: Oral lesions induced by SRL and/or EVL, although not very prevalent, have a relevant impact on patient's lives and the continuity of treatment.

Comparison between two different local hemostatic methods for dental extractions in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy: a within-person, single-blind, randomized study.

BACKGROUND: Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) provides additional risk reduction of ischemic events compared to aspirin monotherapy, at cost of higher bleeding risk. There are few data comparing new techniques for reducing bleeding after dental extractions in these patients. PURPOSE: This study investigated the effectiveness of the HemCon Dental Dressing (HDD) compared to oxidized cellulose gauze. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized study included 60 patients on DAPT who required at least two dental extractions (120 procedures). Each surgical site was randomized to HDD or oxidized regenerated cellulose gauze as the local hemostatic method. Intra-oral bleeding time was measured immediately after the dental extraction and represents our main endpoint for comparison of both hemostatic agents. Prolonged bleeding, platelet reactivity measured by Multiplate Analyser (ADPtest and ASPItest) and tissue healing comparison after 7 days were also investigated. RESULTS: Intra-oral bleeding time was lower in HDD compared with control (2 [2-5] vs. 5 [2-8] minutes, P=0.001). Prolonged postoperative bleeding was observed in 7 cases (11.6%), all of them successfully managed with local sterile gauze pressure. More HDD treated sites presented better healing when compared with control sites [21 (36.8%) vs. 5 (8.8%), P=0.03]. There was poor correlation between platelet reactivity and intra-oral bleeding time. CONCLUSIONS: In patients on DAPT, HDD resulted in a lower intra-oral bleeding time compared to oxidized cellulose gauze after dental extractions. Moreover, HDD also seems to improve healing conditions.

Favorable Safety Experience of Local Dental Anesthesia in ICD Recipients with Cardiac Channelopathies

Abstract Background Dental anesthetic management in implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) recipients with cardiac channelopathies (CCh) can be challenging due to the potential risk of life-threatening arrhythmias and appropriate ICD therapies during procedural time. Objectives The present study assessed the hypothesis that the use of local dental anesthesia with 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine or without a vasoconstrictor can be safe in selected ICD and CCh patients, not resulting in life-threatening events (LTE). Methods Restorative dental treatment under local dental anesthesia was made in two sessions, with a wash-out period of 7 days (cross-over trial), conducting with a 28h - Holter monitoring, and 12-lead electrocardiography, digital sphygmomanometry, and anxiety scale assessments in 3 time periods. Statistical analysis carried out the paired Student's t test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. In all cases, a significance level of 5% was adopted. All patients were in stable condition with no recent events before dental care. Results Twenty-four consecutive procedures were performed in 12 patients (9 women, 3 men) with CCh and ICD: 7 (58.3%) had long QT syndrome (LQTS), 4 (33.3%) Brugada syndrome (BrS), and 1 (8.3%) Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). Holter analysis showed no increased heart rate (HR) or sustained arrhythmias. Blood pressure (BP), electrocardiographic changes and anxiety measurement showed no statistically significant differences. No LTE occurred during dental treatment, regardless of the type of anesthesia. Conclusion Lidocaine administration, with or without epinephrine, can be safely used in selected CCh-ICD patients without LTE. These preliminary findings need to be confirmed in a larger population with ICD and CCh.

Demographic, cardiological, microbiologic, and dental profiles of Brazilian patients who developed oral bacteria-related endocarditis.

OBJECTIVE: Infective endocarditis (IE) may cause devastating complications with high morbidity and mortality rates. The aim of the present study was to study the demographic, cardiological, microbiologic, and dental profiles of patients with oral bacteria-related IE. STUDY DESIGN: We present a retrospective study of patients with oral bacteria-related IE treated at Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil, between January 2009 and December 2019. RESULTS: Of the 100 patients included, 70% were male with a mean age of 45.4 years at diagnosis. The most affected sites were aortic and mitral valves, 60% in prosthetic heart valves, 34% in native valves, and 3% in pacemakers. The most common cause of valvular disease was rheumatic cardiopathy (51.9%), and the most frequent complications were valvular and perivalvular damage (26%). Streptococcus viridans was the most common species (96%), dental caries were present in 57% of the patients, 78% had tooth loss, 45% had apical periodontitis, and 77% were at high/moderate risk for periodontal disease. CONCLUSION: Oral bacteria-related IE among Brazilians was predominant in the prosthetic heart valves of young male adults previously affected by rheumatic cardiopathy. Streptococcus viridans was the main cause of IE, which was linked to patients with a poor oral health status.

Is It Safe for Patients With Cardiac Channelopathies to Undergo Routine Dental Care? Experience From a Single-Center Study.

Background Brugada syndrome and long-QT syndrome may account for at least one third of unexplained sudden cardiac deaths. Dental care in patients with cardiac channelopathies is challenging because of the potential risk of life-threatening events. We hypothesized that the use of local dental anesthesia with lidocaine with and without epinephrine is safe and does not result in life-threatening arrhythmias in patients with channelopathies. Methods and Results We performed a randomized, double-blind pilot trial comparing the use of 2% lidocaine without a vasoconstrictor and with 1:100 000 epinephrine in 2 sessions of restorative dental treatment with a washout period of 7 days (crossover trial). Twenty-eight-hour Holter monitoring was performed, and 12-lead electrocardiography, digital sphygmomanometry, and anxiety scale assessments were also conducted at 3 time points. Fifty-six dental procedures were performed in 28 patients (18 women, 10 men) with cardiac channelopathies: 16 (57.1%) had long-QT syndrome, and 12 (42.9%) had Brugada syndrome; 11 (39.3%) of patients had an implantable defibrillator. The mean age was 45.9±15.9 years. The maximum heart rate increased after the use of epinephrine during the anesthesia period from 82.1 to 85.8 beats per minute (P=0.008). In patients with long-QT syndrome, the median corrected QT was higher, from 450.1 to 465.4 ms (P=0.009) at the end of anesthesia in patients in whom epinephrine was used. The other measurements showed no statistically significant differences. No life-threatening arrhythmias occurred during dental treatment. Conclusions The use of local dental anesthesia with lidocaine, regardless of the use of a vasoconstrictor, did not result in life-threatening arrhythmias and appears to be safe in stable patients with cardiac channelopathies. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT03182777.

Cardiovascular risk reduction with periodontal treatment in patients on the waiting list for renal transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular mortality is increased in chronic kidney disease, a condition with a high prevalence of periodontal disease. Whether periodontitis treatment improves prognosis is unknown. METHODS: The effect of periodontal treatment on the incidence of cardiovascular events and death in 206 waitlist hemodialysis subjects was compared with that in 203 historical controls who did not undergo treatment. Patients were followed up for 24 months or until death or transplantation. RESULTS: The prevalence of moderate/severe periodontitis was 74%. Coronary artery disease correlated with the severity of periodontal disease (P = .02). Survival free of cardiovascular events (94% vs 83%, log-rank 0.009), coronary events (97% vs 89%, log-rank = 0.009), and cardiovascular death (96% vs 87%, log-rank = 0.037) was higher in the evaluated group. Death by any cause did not differ between groups. Multivariate analysis showed that treatment was associated with reduction in cardiovascular events (HR 0.43; 95% CI 0.22-0.87), coronary events (HR 0.31; 95% CI 0.12-0.83), and cardiovascular deaths (HR 0.43; 95% CI 0.19-0.98). CONCLUSION: Periodontal treatment reduced the 24-month incidence of cardiovascular events and cardiovascular death, suggesting that periodontal treatment may improve cardiovascular outcomes. We suggest that periodontal screening and eventual treatment may be considered in patients with advanced renal disease.

Local anesthesia with epinephrine is safe and effective for oral surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary disease: a prospective randomized study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the variations in blood glucose levels, hemodynamic effects and patient anxiety scores during tooth extraction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM and coronary disease under local anesthesia with 2% lidocaine with or without epinephrine. STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective randomized study of 70 patients with T2DM with coronary disease who underwent oral surgery. The study was double blind with respect to the glycemia measurements. Blood glucose levels were continuously monitored for 24 hours using the MiniMed Continuous Glucose Monitoring System. Patients were randomized into two groups: 35 patients received 5.4 mL of 2% lidocaine, and 35 patients received 5.4 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. Hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure and heart rate) and anxiety levels were also evaluated. RESULTS: There was no difference in blood glucose levels between the groups at each time point evaluated. Surprisingly, both groups demonstrated a significant decrease in blood glucose levels over time. The groups showed no significant differences in hemodynamic and anxiety status parameters. CONCLUSION: The administration of 5.4 mL of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine neither caused hyperglycemia nor had any significant impact on hemodynamic or anxiety parameters. However, lower blood glucose levels were observed. This is the first report using continuous blood glucose monitoring to show the benefits and lack of side effects of local anesthesia with epinephrine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary disease.

Local anesthesia with epinephrine is safe and effective for oral surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary disease: a prospective randomized study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the variations in blood glucose levels, hemodynamic effects and patient anxiety scores during tooth extraction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM and coronary disease under local anesthesia with 2% lidocaine with or without epinephrine. STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective randomized study of 70 patients with T2DM with coronary disease who underwent oral surgery. The study was double blind with respect to the glycemia measurements. Blood glucose levels were continuously monitored for 24 hours using the MiniMed Continuous Glucose Monitoring System. Patients were randomized into two groups: 35 patients received 5.4 mL of 2% lidocaine, and 35 patients received 5.4 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. Hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure and heart rate) and anxiety levels were also evaluated. RESULTS: There was no difference in blood glucose levels between the groups at each time point evaluated. Surprisingly, both groups demonstrated a significant decrease in blood glucose levels over time. The groups showed no significant differences in hemodynamic and anxiety status parameters. CONCLUSION: The administration of 5.4 mL of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine neither caused hyperglycemia nor had any significant impact on hemodynamic or anxiety parameters. However, lower blood glucose levels were observed. This is the first report using continuous blood glucose monitoring to show the benefits and lack of side effects of local anesthesia with epinephrine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary disease. .

Peripheral oxygen saturation, heart rate, and blood pressure during dental treatment of children with cyanotic congenital heart disease.

OBJECTIVES: In this observational study, we evaluated the peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate, and blood pressure of children with cyanotic congenital heart disease who were undergoing dental extraction. METHODS: Forty-four patients between the ages of 6 and 12 years who underwent upper primary tooth extraction were included in the study. Of these, 20 patients were in the cyanotic congenital heart disease group and 24 were in the control group. RESULTS: Peripheral oxygen saturation, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure in the cyanotic congenital heart disease group varied quite significantly during the treatment protocol (p<0.05), with values of 80.5% (±7.6) to 82.8% (±7.8), 95.3 beats per minute (bpm) (±11.3) to 101.3 bpm (±9.8), and 93.6 mm Hg (±13,3) to 103.8 mm Hg (±12.7), respectively. The variations in the control group during the procedure were also significant. CONCLUSIONS: The changes observed during the study protocol, although statistically significant, were mild and lacked clinical relevance. The results indicate that dental treatment of children with cyanotic heart disease using a standardized protocol in decentralized offices without the support of a surgical center is safe.

Peripheral oxygen saturation, heart rate, and blood pressure during dental treatment of children with cyanotic congenital heart disease

OBJECTIVES: In this observational study, we evaluated the peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate, and blood pressure of children with cyanotic congenital heart disease who were undergoing dental extraction. METHODS: Forty-four patients between the ages of 6 and 12 years who underwent upper primary tooth extraction were included in the study. Of these, 20 patients were in the cyanotic congenital heart disease group and 24 were in the control group. RESULTS: Peripheral oxygen saturation, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure in the cyanotic congenital heart disease group varied quite significantly during the treatment protocol (p<0.05), with values of 80.5% (±7.6) to 82.8% (±7.8), 95.3 beats per minute (bpm) (±11.3) to 101.3 bpm (±9.8), and 93.6 mm Hg (±13,3) to 103.8 mm Hg (±12.7), respectively. The variations in the control group during the procedure were also significant. CONCLUSIONS: The changes observed during the study protocol, although statistically significant, were mild and lacked clinical relevance. The results indicate that dental treatment of children with cyanotic heart disease using a standardized protocol in decentralized offices without the support of a surgical center is safe. .

Efeito da penicilina G a cada três semanas sobre o surgimento de Streptococcus viridans resistentes à penicilina na microflora oral / Effect of penicillin G every three weeks on oral microflora by penicillin resistant Viridans Streptococci

FUNDAMENTO: Penicilina G benzatina a cada 3 semanas é o protocolo padrão para a profilaxia secundária para febre reumática recorrente. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da penicilina G benzatina em Streptococcus sanguinis e Streptococcus oralis em pacientes com doença valvular cardíaca, devido à febre reumática com recebimento de profilaxia secundária. MÉTODOS: Estreptococos orais foram avaliados antes (momento basal) e após 7 dias (7º dia) iniciando-se com penicilina G benzatina em 100 pacientes que receberam profilaxia secundária da febre reumática. Amostras de saliva foram avaliadas para verificar a contagem de colônias e presença de S. sanguinis e S. oralis. Amostras de saliva estimulada pela mastigação foram serialmente diluídas e semeadas em placas sobre agar-sangue de ovelhas seletivo e não seletivo a 5% contendo penicilina G. A identificação da espécie foi realizada com testes bioquímicos convencionais. Concentrações inibitórias mínimas foram determinadas com o Etest. RESULTADOS: Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas da presença de S. sanguinis comparando-se o momento basal e o 7º dia (p = 0,62). No entanto, o número existente de culturas positivas de S. oralis no 7º dia após a Penicilina G benzatina apresentou um aumento significativo em relação ao valor basal (p = 0,04). Não houve diferença estatística existente entre o momento basal e o 7º dia sobre o número de S. sanguinis ou S. oralis UFC/mL e concentrações inibitórias medianas. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo mostrou que a Penicilina G benzatina a cada 3 semanas não alterou a colonização por S. sanguinis, mas aumentou a colonização de S. oralis no 7º dia de administração. Portanto, a susceptibilidade do Streptococcus sanguinis e Streptococcus oralis à penicilina G não foi modificada durante a rotina de profilaxia secundária da febre reumática utilizando a penicilina G. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0).

BACKGROUND: Benzathine penicillin G every 3 weeks is the standard protocol for secondary prophylaxis for recurrent rheumatic fever. OBJECTIVE: Assess the effect of Benzathine penicillin G on Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus oralis in patients with cardiac valvular disease due to rheumatic fever receiving secondary prophylaxis. METHODS: Oral streptococci were evaluated before (baseline) and after 7 days (day 7) with Benzathine penicillin G in 100 patients receiving routine secondary rheumatic fever prophylaxis. Saliva samples were evaluated for colony count and presence of S. sanguinis and S. oralis. Chewing-stimulated saliva samples were serially diluted and plated onto both nonselective and selective 5% sheep blood agar containing penicillin G. The species were identified using conventional biochemical tests. Minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined with the Etest. RESULTS: No statistical differences were found in the presence of S. sanguinis comparing baseline and day 7 (p = 0.62). However, the existing number of positive cultures of S. oralis on day 7 after Benzathine penicillin G presented a significant increase compared to baseline (p = 0.04). No statistical difference was found between baseline and day 7 concerning the number of S. sanguinis or S. oralis CFU/mL and median minimal inhibitory concentrations. CONCLUSION: This study showed that Benzathine penicillin G every 3 weeks did not change the colonization by S. sanguinis, but increased colonization of S. oralis on day 7 of administration. Therefore, susceptibility of Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus oralis to penicillin G was not modified during the penicillin G routine secondary rheumatic fever prophylaxis. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0).

Effect of penicillin G every three weeks on oral microflora by penicillin resistant Viridans Streptococci.

BACKGROUND: Benzathine penicillin G every 3 weeks is the standard protocol for secondary prophylaxis for recurrent rheumatic fever. OBJECTIVE: Assess the effect of Benzathine penicillin G on Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus oralis in patients with cardiac valvular disease due to rheumatic fever receiving secondary prophylaxis. METHODS: Oral streptococci were evaluated before (baseline) and after 7 days (day 7) with Benzathine penicillin G in 100 patients receiving routine secondary rheumatic fever prophylaxis. Saliva samples were evaluated for colony count and presence of S. sanguinis and S. oralis. Chewing-stimulated saliva samples were serially diluted and plated onto both nonselective and selective 5% sheep blood agar containing penicillin G. The species were identified using conventional biochemical tests. Minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined with the Etest. RESULTS: No statistical differences were found in the presence of S. sanguinis comparing baseline and day 7 (p = 0.62). However, the existing number of positive cultures of S. oralis on day 7 after Benzathine penicillin G presented a significant increase compared to baseline (p = 0.04). No statistical difference was found between baseline and day 7 concerning the number of S. sanguinis or S. oralis CFU/mL and median minimal inhibitory concentrations. CONCLUSION: This study showed that Benzathine penicillin G every 3 weeks did not change the colonization by S. sanguinis, but increased colonization of S. oralis on day 7 of administration. Therefore, susceptibility of Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus oralis to penicillin G was not modified during the penicillin G routine secondary rheumatic fever prophylaxis.

Linfangioleiomiomatose: relato de caso / Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: case report

A Linfangioleiomiomatose (LAM) é uma doença sistêmica rara, de etiologia desconhecida, que afeta quase exclusivamente mulheres em idade reprodutiva. Caracterizada pela proliferação atípica de células musculares lisas em diversos órgãos, especialmente pulmão, que leva ao desenvolvimento de um distúrbio ventilatório obstrutivo, de caráter progressivo, com hiperinsuflação pulmonar e diminuição da difusão de monóxido de carbono, devido aos inúmeros cistos que formados no parênquima pulmonar. A manifestação clínica mais comumé o pneumotórax. O fator hormonal tem sido exposto como coadjuvante no desenvolvimento da doença, já que esta atinge quase que exclusivamente indivíduos do sexo feminino e se intensifica durante a gestação. Pesquisas recentes verificaram ao corrência de mutações genéticas e presença de lesões que estão associadas à doença Esclerose Tuberosa; porém, há necessidadede mais estudos para afirmar essa correlação. O presente relatorefere-se a paciente do sexo feminino, 45 anos de idade, brasileira,leucoderma, com diagnóstico de Linfangioleiomiomatose que compareceu ao ambulatório de Odontologia do Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas (FMUSP), encaminhada pelo Departamento de Pneumologia, para avaliação odontológica pré-operatória de transplante pulmonar. Paciente contactuante,com dispneia e uso contínuo de cateter de oxigênio, apresentando em cadeira de rodas para mínimo esforço físico. Higiene oral insatisfatória evidenciada pela presença de tártaro, raiz residual inaproveitável e lesões cariosas. Sabe-se que a infecção está entre as maiores causas de perda do órgão recebido pelo transplantado e, por isso, a atuação do cirurgião-dentista é de suma importância para prevenir quadros sistêmicos infecciosos decorrentes de focos bucais, pré e pós-transplante.

The Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare systemic disease of unknown etiology that affects mainly women atreproductive age. Characterized by an atypical proliferation of smooth muscle cells in various organs, especially in thelungs, which leads to the development of obstructive lung disease, a progressive character, with hyperinflation anddecreased lung diffusion of carbon monoxide due to the numerous cysts that are formed in the lung parenchyma.The most common clinical manifestation is pneumothorax. The hormonal factor has been exposed as an adjuvant in thedevelopment of the disease since it affects almost exclusively women and intensifies during pregnancy. Recent researches verified the occurrence of mutations and genetic lesions thatare associated with the disease Tuberous Sclerosis, but further studies are necessary in order to affirm this correlation. This report refers to a female patient, 45 years of age, Brazilian, leukoderma, diagnosed with Lymphangioleiomyomatosis who attended the outpatient clinic of Dentistry from the Heart Institute, Hospital das Clínicas (FMUSP) forwarded by the Department of Pulmonology, for a lung transplantpreoperative dental evaluation. Patient with dyspnea and continuous use of oxygen catheter, performing in a wheelchair for minimal physical effort. Poor oral hygiene evidenced by the presence of tartar, root caries and residual unusable. It is known that infection is among the biggest causes of loss of the transplanted organ by the receiver and, therefore, the role of the dentist is very important to prevent systemic frameworks infectious foci resulting from oral pre-andpost-transplant.

Importância do atendimento odontológico em pacientes portadores de marcapasso e cardiodesfibrilador implantãvel / Importance of dental care in patients with pacemaker and implantable defibrilator

A relação entre infecção orais, bacteremia e infecções sistêmicas é um fato já estabelecida. Entretanto, a afirmação de que os micro-organismos orais são responsáveis por infecções secundárias em dipositivos cardíacos, como marcapasso e cardiodesfibriladores implantáveis, ainda é pouco citada na literatura. Sabe-se que não só em procedimentos odontológicos invasivos pode ocorrer esse tipo de manifestação. Ações rotineiras, como mastigação e higienização oral. Também são passíveis de provocar bacteremia e mesmo a instalação de doenças. Alguns fatores, como a quantidade de bactérias que penetram na corrente sanguínea, bem como seu potencial de patogenicidade parecem estar relacionados a fatores locais, como presença de infecção oral (biofilme, cárie, doença periodontal, infecções orais agudas). O objetivo dessa revisão é abotrdar a presença de infecções a bacteremia em portadores de marcapasso e cardiodesfibrilador implantável e sua relação com micro- organismos presentes na cavidade oral. Os métodos utilizadps foram busacas em banco de dados eletrônicos, como LILACS e MEDLINE/PubMed, e inspeção manual dos artigos. Apesar do vasto acervo de relatos sobre a presença de infecções...

Síndrome de sotos: relato de caso / Sotos'a syndrome: case report

Síndrome de Soto ou gigantismo cerebral é uma desordem genética rara, descrita inicialmente por Sotos em 1964, de caráter autossômico dominante, que resulta de microdeleções e mutações no gene NSD1. Caracteriza-se por crescimento pré e pós-natal acelerado, face típica com região frontal proeminente (dolicocefalia), hipertelorismo, estrabismo, fissura palpebral antimongoloide, orelhas grandes, palato ogival e estreito, mãos e pés grandes e possibilidade de erupção prematura dos dentes. Além disso, pode ser acompanhada de atraso de desenvolvimento neuro-psico-motor, hipotonia muscular, prejuízos de fala e interferência no desenvolvimento cognitivo-social. O presente relato refere-se a paciente do sexo feminino, 16 anos de idade, brasileira, melanoderma, com diagnóstico de Síndrome de Sotos com manifestação cardíaca, que compareceu ao ambulatório de Odontologia do Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas (FMUSP), encaminhada pelo departamento de cardiopatias congênitas, para avaliação odontológica pré-operatória de cirurgia cardíaca de correção de comunicação interatrial. Paciente pouco contactuante, com déficit cognitivo, apresentando comportamento arredio, perfil dolicofacial, estatura de 1,79 m e pesando 81 kg, com hipotonia muscular generalizada, higiene oral insatisfatória e lesões cariosas. A identificação da síndrome e de suas alterações sistêmicas são de grande importância para que o tratamento odontológico proposto seja realizado e a saúde bucal mantida.

Terapia antiplaquetária e sangramento pós-exodontia / Antiplatelet therapy and post exodontia bleeding

Com o aumento da incidência de doenças cardiovasculares, agentes antiplaquetários têm sido prescritos com muita frequência para o tratamento e prevenção de eventos trombóticos. É cada vez mais frequentes o cirurgião-dentista se deparar com pacientes em uso profilático de antiagregantes plaquetários e a principal preocupação no atendimento destes pacientes é um maior sangramento após procedimentos odontológicos. Esses medicamentos promovem a inibição permanente da cicloxigenase, atuando na terapia antiagregante, o ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS) é amplamente indicado para a prevenção secundária de complicações decorentes de eventos trombo-embólicos, sendo a terapia padrão na prevenção dessas desordens. Existem questionamentos na literatura, quanto à suspensão do AAS antes de procedimentos cirúrgicos, uma vez que a interrupção da terapia antiagregante nesses pacientes aumenta o risco da ocorrência de eventos trombóticos.

Monitorização materno-fetal durante procedimento odontológico em portadora de cardiopatia valvar / Maternal-fetal monitoring during dental procedure in patients with heart valve disease / Monitoreo maternofetal durante procedimiento odontológico en portadora de cardiopatía valvular

FUNDAMENTO: Os efeitos da anestesia local em odontologia com lidocaína e epinefrina, sobre parâmetros cardiovasculares de gestantes portadoras de valvopatias e seus conceptos, não estão esclarecidos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar e analisar parâmetros da cardiotocografia, de pressão arterial e eletrocardiográficos da gestante portadora de doença valvar reumática, quando submetida à anestesia local com 1,8 ml de lidocaína 2 por cento sem vasoconstritor e com epinefrina 1:100.000, durante procedimento odontológico restaurador. MÉTODOS: Realizamos monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial, eletrocardiografia ambulatorial materna e cardiotocografia de 31 portadoras de cardiopatia reumática, entre a 28ª e 37ª semana de gestação, divididas em dois grupos conforme presença ou não do vasoconstritor RESULTADOS: Demonstrou-se redução significativa dos valores de frequência cardíaca materna nos dois grupos, durante o procedimento, quando comparado aos demais períodos (p < 0,001). Houve ocorrência de arritmia cardíaca em 9 (29,0 por cento) pacientes, das quais 7 (41,8 por cento) pertencentes ao grupo de 17 gestantes que recebeu anestesia com adrenalina. A pressão arterial materna não apresentou diferença quando comparamos períodos ou grupos (p > 0,05). O mesmo ocorreu (p > 0,05) com número de contrações uterinas, nível e variabilidade da linha de base e número de acelerações da frequência cardíaca fetal. CONCLUSÃO: O uso de 1,8 ml de lidocaína 2 por cento associado à adrenalina mostrou-se seguro e eficaz em procedimento odontológico restaurador durante a gestação de mulheres com cardiopatia valvar reumática.

BACKGROUND: The effects of local dental anesthesia with lidocaine and epinephrine on cardiovascular parameters of pregnant women with heart valve diseases and their fetuses are not fully understood. OBJECTIVES: To assess and analyze cardiotocographic, blood pressure and electrocardiographic parameters of pregnant women with rheumatic heart valve disease undergoing local anesthesia with 1.8mL of lidocaine 2 percent with or without epinephrine 1:100,000 during restorative dental treatment. METHODS: Maternal ambulatory blood pressure and electrocardiographic monitoring as well as cardiotocography of 31 patients with rheumatic heart disease were performed between the 28th and 37th week of gestation. The patients were divided into two groups, those with or without vasoconstrictor. RESULTS: A significant reduction in maternal heart rate was shown in both groups during the procedure in comparison with the other periods (p<0.001). Cardiac arrhythmia was observed in nine (29.0 percent) patients, of which seven (41.8 percent) were from the group of 17 pregnant women who received anesthesia plus epinephrine. No difference in maternal blood pressure was observed when periods or groups were compared (p>0.05). The same occurred (p>0.05) with the number of uterine contractions, baseline level and variability, and number of accelerations of fetal heart rate. CONCLUSION: The use of 1.8mL of lidocaine 2 percent in combination with epinephrine was safe and efficient in restorative dental procedures during pregnancy in women with rheumatic heart valve disease.

FUNDAMENTO: Los efectos de la anestesia local en odontología con lidocaína y epinefrina, sobre los parámetros cardiovasculares de gestantes portadoras de valvulopatías y sus conceptos, no son claros. OBJETIVO: Evaluar y analizar parámetros de la cardiotocografía, de la presión arterial y electrocardiográficos de la gestante portadora de enfermedad valvular reumática, al someterse a anestesia local con 1,8 ml de lidocaína 2 por ciento sin vasoconstrictor y con epinefrina 1:100.000, durante procedimiento odontológico restaurador. MÉTODOS: Realizamos monitoreo ambulatorio de la presión arterial, electrocardiografía ambulatoria materna y cardiotocografía de 31 portadoras de cardiopatía reumática, entre la 28ª y la 37ª semana de gestación, divididas en dos grupos según la presencia o no del vasoconstrictor. RESULTADOS: Se observó reducción significativa de los valores de frecuencia cardíaca materna en los dos grupos, durante el procedimiento, al compararlo con los demás períodos (p < 0,001). Se registró ocurrencia de arritmia cardíaca en 9 (29,0 por ciento) pacientes, de las cuales 7 (41,8 por ciento) pertenecían al grupo de 17 gestantes que recibió anestesia con adrenalina. La presión arterial materna no presentó diferencia al comparar períodos o grupos (p > 0,05). Lo mismo ocurrió (p > 0,05) con el número de contracciones uterinas, nivel de variabilidad de la línea de base y número de aceleraciones de la frecuencia cardíaca fetal. CONCLUSIÓN: El uso de 1,8 ml de lidocaína 2 por ciento asociado a la adrenalina se mostró seguro y eficaz en procedimiento odontológico restaurador durante la gestación de mujeres con cardiopatía valvular reumática.

Síndrome da Maquiagem e Kabuki e suas implicações na odontologia / Kabuki Make-up syndrome and dentistry implications

Um caso clínico de sindrome da maquiagem de kabuki é apresentado. Trata-se de síndrome rara, com prevalência entre 1:32.000 e 50.000 nascimentos. As implicações odontológicas estão principalmente associadas ao risco de endocardite infecciosa, uma vez que mais de 40 por cento dos pacientes apresentam alterações cardíacas congênitas. A presença de déficit cognitivo requer atenção especial, pois interfere na manutenção da saúde bucal. O conhecimento clínico dessa condição e de suas manifestações sistêmicas é importante para que conduta odontológica correta seja instituída.